% This file is part of CWEB.
% This program by Silvio Levy and Donald E. Knuth
% is based on a program by Knuth.
% It is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, express or implied.
% Version 3.0 --- June 1993
% this file is part of the c2cweb package Version 1.5
% modified by Werner Lemberg (a7971428@@unet.univie.ac.at) 10-Nov-1996
@
\def\v{\char'174}
\mathchardef\RA="3221 % right arrow
\mathchardef\BA="3224 % double arrow
Here is a table of all the productions if you use the \.{a} switch.
Each production that combines two or more consecutive scraps implicitly
inserts a {\tt \$} where necessary, that is, between scraps whose abutting
boundaries have different |mathness|. In this way we never get double
{\tt\$\$}.
A translation is provided when the resulting scrap is not merely a
juxtaposition of the scraps it comes from. An asterisk$^*$ next to a scrap
means that its first identifier gets an underlined entry in the index,
via the function |make_underlined|. Two asterisks$^{**}$ means that both
|make_underlined| and |make_reserved| are called; that is, the
identifier's ilk becomes |raw_int|. A dagger \dag\ before the
production number refers to the notes at the end of this section,
which deal with various exceptional cases.
We use \\{in}, \\{out}, \\{back} and
\\{bsp} as shorthands for |indent|, |outdent|, |backup| and
|break_space|, respectively.
\begingroup \lineskip=4pt
\def\alt #1 #2
{$\displaystyle\Bigl\{\!\matrix{\strut\hbox{#1}\cr
\strut\hbox{#2}\cr}\!\Bigr\}$ }
\def\altt #1 #2 #3
{$\displaystyle\Biggl\{\!\matrix{\strut\hbox{#1}\cr\hbox{#2}\cr
\strut\hbox{#3}\cr}\!\Biggr\}$ }
\def\altq #1 #2 #3 #4
{$\displaystyle\left\{\!\matrix{\strut\hbox{#1}\cr\hbox{#2}\cr
\hbox{#3}\cr\strut\hbox{#4}\cr}\!\right\}$ }
\def\malt #1 #2
{$\displaystyle\matrix{\strut\hbox{#1}\hfill\cr\strut\hbox{#2}\hfill\cr}$}
\def\maltt #1 #2 #3
{$\displaystyle\matrix{\strut\hbox{#1}\hfill\cr\hbox{#2}\hfill\cr
\strut\hbox{#3}\hfill\cr}$}
\yskip\newcount\prodno\prodno=0
\newdimen\midcol \midcol=2.5in
\def\theprodno{\number\prodno \global\advance\prodno by1\enspace}
\def\+#1\cr{\def\next{#1}%
\line{\hbox to 2em{\hss
\ifx\next\empty\theprodno\else\next\fi}\strut
\ignorespaces#2\hfil\hbox to\midcol{$\RA$
\ignorespaces#3\hfil}\quad \hbox to1.45in{\ignorespaces#4\hfil}}}
\+\relax & LHS & RHS \hfill Translation & Example\cr
\yskip
\+& \altt\\{any} {\\{any} \\{any}} {\\{any} \\{any} \\{any}}
|insert| & \altt\\{any} {\\{any} \\{any}} {\\{any} \\{any} \\{any}}
& stmt; \ /$\ast\,$comment$\,*$/\cr
\+& |exp| \altt|lbrace| |int_like| |decl|
& |fn_decl| \altt|lbrace| |int_like| |decl|
\hfill $F=E^*\,|in|\,|in|$ & \malt {\\{main}()$\{$}
{\\{main}$(\\{ac},\\{av})$ \&{int} \\{ac};} \cr
\+& |exp| |unop| & |exp| & |x++|\cr
\+& |exp| \alt |binop| |unorbinop| |exp| & |exp| & \malt {|x/y|} {|x+y|} \cr
\+& |exp| |comma| |exp| & |exp| \hfill $EC\,|opt|9\,E$& |f(x,y)|\cr
\+& |exp| \alt |exp| |cast| & |exp| & |time()|\cr
\+& |exp| |semi| & |stmt| & |x=0;|\cr
\+& |exp| |colon| & |label| \hfill $E^*C$ & |found:|\cr
\+& |exp| |base| |int_like| |comma| & |base| \hfill $B\.\ IC$\,|opt|9
& \&D : \&C,\cr
\+& |exp| |base| |int_like| |lbrace| & |exp| |lbrace| \hfill
$E=E\.\ B\.\ I$ & \&D : \&C $\{$\cr
\+& |exp| |rbrace| & |stmt| |rbrace| & end of \&{enum} list\cr
\+& |lpar| \alt |exp| |unorbinop| |rpar| & |exp| & \malt{|(x)|} {|(*)|} \cr
\+& |lpar| |rpar| & |exp| \hfill $L\.{\\,}R$ & functions, declarations\cr
\+& |lpar| \alt |decl_head| |int_like| |rpar| & |cast| & |(char*)|\cr
\+& |lpar| \altt |decl_head| |int_like| |exp| |comma| & |lpar| \hfill
L\,\altt $D$ $I$ $E$ C\,|opt|9 & |(int,|\cr
\+& |lpar| \alt |stmt| |decl| & |lpar| \hfill \alt {$LS\.\ $} {$LD\.\ $} &
\alt {|(k=5;|} {|(int k=5;|} \cr
\+& |question| |exp| |colon| & |binop| & |?x:|\cr
\+& |unop| \alt |exp| |int_like| & \alt |exp| |int_like| &
\malt |!x| |~|\&C \cr
\+& |unorbinop| \alt|exp| |int_like| & \alt|exp| |int_like| \hfill
$\.\{U\.\}E$ & |*x|\cr
\+& |unorbinop| |binop| & |binop| \hfill $|math_rel|\,U\.\{B\.\}\.\}$ & |*=|\cr
\+& |binop| |binop| & |binop| \hfill
$|math_rel|\,\.\{B_1\.\}\.\{B_2\.\}\.\}$ & |>>=|\cr
\+& |cast| |exp| & |exp| \hfill $C\.\ E$ & |(double)x|\cr
\+& |cast| |semi| & |exp| |semi| & |(int);|\cr
\+& |sizeof_like| |cast| & |exp| & |sizeof (double)|\cr
\+& |sizeof_like| |exp| & |exp| \hfill $S\.\ E$ & |sizeof x|\cr
\+& |int_like| \alt|int_like| |struct_like| &
\alt|int_like| |struct_like| \hfill $I\.\ $\alt $I$ $S$
\unskip& |extern char|\cr
\+& |int_like| |exp| \alt|raw_int| |struct_like| &
|int_like| \alt|int_like| |struct_like| & |extern "Ada" int|\cr
\+& |int_like| \altt|exp| |unorbinop| |semi| & |decl_head|
\altt|exp| |unorbinop| |semi| \hfill
$D=I$\altt{\.\ } {\.\ } {} \unskip & |int x|\cr
\+& |int_like| |colon| & |decl_head| |colon| \hfill $D=I\.\ $ & |unsigned:|\cr
\+& |int_like| |prelangle| & |int_like| |langle| & \&C$\langle$\cr
\+& |int_like| |colcol| \alt |exp| |int_like| & \alt |exp| |int_like| &
\malt {\&C\DC$x$} {\&C\DC\&B} \cr
\+& |int_like| |cast| |lbrace| & |fn_decl| |lbrace| \hfill $IC\,|in|\,|in|$&
\&C$\langle\&{void}\ast\rangle\{$\cr
\+& |int_like| |cast| & |int_like| & \&C$\langle\&{class}\ \&T\rangle$\cr
\+& |decl_head| |comma| & |decl_head| \hfill $DC\.\ $ & |int x,|\cr
\+& |decl_head| |unorbinop| & |decl_head| \hfill $D\.\{U\.\}$ & |int *|\cr
\+\dag\theprodno& |decl_head| |exp| & |decl_head| \hfill $DE^*$ & |int x|\cr
\+& |decl_head| \alt|binop| |colon| |exp| \altt|comma| |semi| |rpar| &
|decl_head| \altt|comma| |semi| |rpar| \hfill
$D=D$\alt $B$ $C$ \unskip$E$ & \maltt initialization {fields or}
{default argument} \cr
\+& |decl_head| |cast| & |decl_head| & |int f(int)|\cr
\+\dag\theprodno& |decl_head| \altt|int_like| |lbrace| |decl| & |fn_decl|
\altt|int_like| |lbrace| |decl| \hfill $F=D\,|in|\,|in|$
& |long time () {|\cr
\+& |decl_head| |semi| & |decl| & |int n;|\cr
\+& |decl| |decl| & |decl| \hfill $D\,|force|\,D$ & |int n;double x;|\cr
\+& |decl| \alt|stmt| |function| & \alt|stmt| |function|
\hfill $D\,|big_force|\,$\alt $S$ $F$ \unskip& \&{extern} $n$;
\\{main} ()|{}|\cr
\+\dag\theprodno& |typedef_like| |decl_head| \alt|exp| |int_like| &
|typedef_like| |decl_head| \hfill $D=D$\alt $E^{**}$ $I^{**}$ \unskip &
\&{typedef} \&{char} \&{ch};\cr
\+& |typedef_like| |decl_head| |semi| & |decl| \hfill $T\.\ D$ &
\&{typedef} \&{int} $\&x,\&y$;\cr
\+& |struct_like| |lbrace| & |struct_head| \hfill
$S\,\\{in}\,|force|\\{back}\,L$ & |struct {|\cr
\+& |struct_like| \alt|exp| |int_like| |semi| & |decl_head|
\hfill $S\.\ $\alt $E^{**}$ $I^{**}$ & \&{struct} \&{forward};\cr
\+& |struct_like| \alt|exp| |int_like| |lbrace| & |struct_head| \hfill
$S\.\ $\alt $E^{**}$ $I^{**}$ \unskip $\\{in}\,|force|\,\\{back}\,L$ &
\&{struct} \&{name\_info} $\{$\cr
\+& |struct_like| \alt|exp| |int_like| |colon| &
|struct_like| \alt|exp| |int_like| |base| & |class| \&C :\cr
\+\dag\theprodno& |struct_like| \alt|exp| |int_like| & |int_like|
\hfill $S\.\ $\alt$E$ $I$ & \&{struct} \&{name\_info} $z$;\cr
\+& |struct_head| \altt|decl| |stmt| |function| |rbrace| & |int_like|\hfill
$SD\,|force|\,\\{back}\,R\,\.\ |out|$ &
|struct {| declaration |}|\cr
\+& |struct_head| |rbrace| & |int_like|\hfill $S\.{\\,}R$ & |class C{}|\cr
\+& |fn_decl| |decl| & |fn_decl| \hfill $F\,|force|\,D$
& $f(z)$ \&{double} $z$; \cr
\+& |fn_decl| |stmt| & |function| \hfill $F\,|out|\,|out|\,|force|\,S$
& \\{main}() {\dots}\cr
\+& |function| \altt|stmt| |decl| |function| & \altt |stmt| |decl| |function|
\hfill $F\,|big_force|\,$\altt $S$ $D$ $F$ & outer block\cr
\+& |lbrace| |rbrace| & |stmt| \hfill $L\.{\\,}R$ & empty statement\cr
\advance\midcol15pt
\+& |lbrace| \altt|stmt| |decl| |function| |rbrace| & |stmt| \hfill
$\matrix{\\{in}\,|force|\,\\{back}\,L\,|noop|\,|cancel|\,S\cr
|force|\,\\{back}\,R\,\\{out}\,|force|}$ & compound statement\cr
\+& |lbrace| |exp| [|comma|] |rbrace| & |exp| & initializer\cr
\+& |if_like| |exp| & |if_clause| \hfill $I\.{\ }E$ & |if (z)|\cr
\+& |for_like| |exp| & |else_like| \hfill $F\.{\ }E$ & |while (1)|\cr
\+& |else_like| |lbrace| & |else_head| |lbrace| & \&{else} $\{$\cr
\+& |else_like| |stmt| & |stmt| \hfill
$|force|\,E\,\\{in}\,|force|\,S\,\\{out}\,|force|$ & |else x=0;|\cr
\+& |else_head| \alt|stmt| |exp| & |stmt| \hfill
$|force|\,E\,\\{bsp}\,S\,\\{force}$ & |else{x=0;}|\cr
\+& |if_clause| |lbrace| & |if_head| |lbrace| & |if (x) {|\cr
\+& |if_clause| |stmt| |else_like| |if_like| & |if_like| \hfill
$|force|\,I\,\\{in}\,|force|\,S\,\\{out}\,|force|\,E\,\.\ I$ &
|if (x) y; else if|\cr
\+& |if_clause| |stmt| |else_like| & |else_like| \hfill
$|force|\,I\,\\{in}\,|force|\,S\,\\{out}\,|force|\,E$ &
|if (x) y; else|\cr
\+& |if_clause| |stmt| & |else_like| |stmt| & |if (x)|\cr
\+& |if_head| \alt|stmt| |exp| |else_like| |if_like| & |if_like| \hfill
$|force|\,I\,\\{bsp}\,S\,|force|\,E\,\.\ I$ &
|if (x){y;}else if|\cr
\+& |if_head| \alt|stmt| |exp| |else_like| & |else_like| \hfill
$|force|\,I\,\\{bsp}\,S\,|force|\,E$ &
|if (x){y;}else|\cr
\+& |if_head| \alt|stmt| |exp| & |else_head| \alt|stmt| |exp| & |if (x){y;}|\cr
\+& |do_like| |stmt| |else_like| |semi| & |stmt| \hfill
$\matrix{|force|\,D\,\\{in}\,|force|\,S\,|cancel|\,|noop|\cr
\,\\{bsp}\,ES\,\\{out}\,|force|}$ & |do f(x); while (g(x));|\cr
\+& |case_like| |semi| & |stmt| & |return;|\cr
\+& |case_like| |colon| & |tag| & |default:|\cr
\+& |case_like| |exp| |semi| & |stmt| \hfill $C\.\ ES$ & |return 0;|\cr
\+& |case_like| |exp| |colon| & |tag| \hfill $C\.\ EC$ & |case 0:|\cr
\+& |tag| |tag| & |tag| \hfill $T_1\,|force|\,T_2$ & |case 0: case 1:|\cr
\advance\midcol20pt
\+& |tag| \altt|stmt| |decl| |function| \alt|rbrace| |tag|
& \altt|stmt| |decl| |function| \alt|rbrace| |tag|
\hfill $|force|\,T\,\\{in}\,|force|\,S\,\\{out}$ & |case 0: z=0;|\cr
\advance\midcol-20pt
\+\dag\theprodno& |stmt| \altt|stmt| |decl| |function| &
\altt|stmt| |decl| |function|
\hfill $S\,$\altt$|force|\,S$ $|big_force|\,D$ $|big_force|\,F$ &
|x=1;y=2;|\cr
\+& |semi| & |stmt| \hfill \.\ $S$& empty statement\cr
\+\dag\theprodno& |lproc| \altt |if_like| |else_like| |define_like| & |lproc| &
\maltt {{\bf \#include}} {\bf\#else} {\bf\#define} \cr
\+& |lproc| |rproc| & |insert| & {\bf\#endif} \cr
\+\dag\theprodno& |lproc| \altt|exp| |function| |int_like| |rproc| &
|insert| \hfill
$I$\.\ \altt {$E$} {$F$} {$I$} & {\bf\#define} $a$\enspace 1 \cr
\+& |section_scrap| |semi| & |stmt|\hfill $MS$ |force|
&$\langle\,$section name$\,\rangle$;\cr
\+& |section_scrap| & |exp| &$\langle\,$section name$\,\rangle$\cr
\+& |insert| |any| & |any| & \.{\v\#include\v}\cr
\+& |prelangle| & |binop| \hfill $<$ & $<$ not in template\cr
\+& |prerangle| & |binop| \hfill $>$ & $>$ not in template\cr
\+& |langle| |exp| |prerangle| & |cast| & $\langle\,0\,\rangle$\cr
\+& |langle| |prerangle| & |cast| \hfill $L\.{\\,}P$ & $\langle\,\rangle$\cr
\+& |langle| \alt|decl_head| |int_like| |prerangle| & |cast| &
$\langle\&{class}\,\&C\rangle$\cr
\+& |langle| \alt|decl_head| |int_like| |comma| & |langle| \hfill
L\,\alt $D$ $I$ C\,|opt|9 & $\langle\&{class}\,\&C,$\cr
\+& |public_like| |colon| & |tag| & \&{private}:\cr
\+& |public_like| & |int_like| & \&{private}\cr
\+& |colcol| \alt|exp| |int_like| & \alt|exp| |int_like| & |::x|\cr
\+\dag\theprodno&
|new_like| \alt|exp| |raw_int| & |new_like| \hfill $N\.\ E$ & |new(1)|\cr
\+& |new_like| \alt|raw_unorbin| |colcol| & |new_like| & |new ::*|\cr
\+& |new_like| |cast| & |exp| & |new(*)|\cr
\+\dag\theprodno& |new_like| & |exp| & |new|\cr
\+\dag\theprodno& |operator_like| \altq|binop| |unop| |unorbinop| |raw_unorbin|
& |exp| \hfill $O$\.\{\altq $B$ $U$ $U$ $R$ \unskip \.\} & |operator+|\cr
\+& |operator_like| \alt|new_like| |sizeof_like| & |exp| \hfill $O\.\ N$
& |operator delete|\cr
\+& |operator_like| & |new_like| & conversion operator\cr
\+& |catch_like| \alt|cast| |exp| & |fn_decl| \hfill $CE\,\\{in}\,\\{in}$ &
|catch (...)|\cr
\+& |base| |public_like| |exp| |comma| & |base| \hfill $BP\.\ EC$ &
: \&{public} $a$,\cr
\+& |base| |public_like| |exp| & |base| |int_like| \hfill $I=P\.\ E$ &
: \&{public} $a$\cr
\+& |raw_rpar| |const_like| & |raw_rpar| \hfill $R\.\ C$ & ) \&{const};\cr
\+& |raw_rpar| & |rpar| & );\cr
\+& |raw_unorbin| |const_like| & |raw_unorbin| \hfill $RC$\.{\\\ }
& $*$\&{const} |x|\cr
\+& |raw_unorbin| & |unorbinop| & $*$ |x|\cr
\+& |const_like| & |int_like| & \&{const} |x|\cr
\+& |raw_int| |lpar| & |exp| |lpar| & \&{complex}$(x,y)$\cr
\+& |raw_int| & |int_like| & \&{complex} |z|\cr
\+& |begin_arg| |end_arg| & |exp| & \.{@@[}\&{char}$*$\.{@@]}\cr
\+& |any_other| |end_arg| & |end_arg| & \&{char}$*$\.{@@]}\cr
\+& |label| |label| & |label| \hfill $L_1\,|force|\,L_2$ & cf. tags\cr
\+& |label| \altt|stmt| |decl| |function| & \altt|stmt| |decl| |function|
\hfill $\matrix{|cancel|\,|noop|\,\\{out}\,\\{out}\,|force|\cr
L\,\\{in}\,\\{in}\,|force|\,S}$ & cf. tags\cr
\+& |do_like| |lbrace| & |do_head| |lbrace| & \&{do} $\{$ \cr
\+& |do_head| |stmt| |else_like| |semi| & |stmt| \hfill
$D\,\\{bsp}\,S\,|cancel|\,|noop|\,\\{bsp}\,ES$ & |do {x;} while(y);|\cr
\+\dag\theprodno& |typedef_like| |exp| & |typedef_like| |raw_int| &
\&{typedef} \&{?} \&{type} \cr
\+& |int_like| |binop| |exp| & |int_like| & ? (\CPLUSPLUS/)\cr
\+& |operator_like| \altt|raw_int| |int_like| |const_like| &
|operator_like| \hfill $O$\.{\ }$R$ & \&{operator} \&{name\_info} \cr
\+\dag\theprodno& |lproc| \altt|exp| |int_like| |const_like| |pp_space| &
|lproc| \hfill $I\.\ E\.{\ \\5}$ & {\bf\#define} $a$ $\ldots$ \cr
\+& |lproc| |exp| |exp| |pp_space| & |lproc| \hfill $I\.\ E_1 E_2\.{\ \\5}$
& {\bf\#define} $a(b)$ $\ldots$\cr
\yskip
\yskip
\yskip
\parindent=0pt
\dag{\bf Notes}
\yskip
Rule 35: The |exp| must not be immediately followed by |lpar| or~|exp|.
Rule 38: The |int_like| must not be immediately followed by |colcol|.
Rule 42: The |exp| must not be immediately followed by |lpar| or~|exp|.
Rule 48: The |exp| or |int_like| must not be immediately followed by |base|,
|raw_int|, |int_like|, or |const_like|.
Rule 76: The |force| in the |stmt| line becomes \\{bsp} if \.{CWEAVE} has
been invoked with the \.{-f} option.
Rule 78: The |define_like| case calls |make_underlined| on the following scrap.
Rule 80: Makes the scrap following |lproc| reserved without changing the
category.
Rule 93: The |raw_int| must not be immediately followed by
|prelangle| or |langle|.
Rule 96: The |new_like| must not be immediately followed by |lpar|,
|raw_int|, or |struct_like|.
Rule 97: The operator after |operator_like|
must not be immediately followed by a |binop|.
Rule 116: This rule only holds outside of {\bf\#define} lines; |exp| must not
be followed by a |lpar|.
Rule 119: Makes the scrap following |lproc| reserved using the category
of the scrap following |pp_space| if this scrap is |int_like|, |const_like|,
or |raw_int|.
\endgroup
@q end of prod-alt.w @>